How to Fix a Broken Windshield Wiper Motor: A Step-by-Step Guide

How to Fix a Broken Windshield Wiper Motor: A Step-by-Step Guide

When you're driving in the rain or snow, having a working windshield wiper system is crucial for your safety. However, sometimes these motors fail, leaving you with a blurry view of the road. I remember once during a heavy downpour when my windshield wiper motor stopped working in the middle of the highway – a situation that no driver ever wants to experience. If you find yourself in a similar situation, don’t panic! In this article, I’ll walk you through how to fix a broken windshield wiper motor and share some tips on how to troubleshoot the issue. Whether you're a seasoned DIY mechanic or someone who’s just looking to save on repair costs, this guide is for you.

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Fletcher Jones Motorcars Service Center

3300 Jamboree Rd, Newport Beach, CA 92660, USA

1. Common Causes of a Broken Windshield Wiper Motor

Before jumping into the steps of fixing your windshield wiper motor, it’s important to understand the common causes of failure. In my experience, most issues can be traced back to one of the following reasons:

• Blown Fuse: A blown fuse is one of the most common causes of a non-working windshield wiper motor. If the fuse blows, the motor won’t receive power, and the wipers won’t move.
• Wiper Linkage Issues: The wiper linkage connects the motor to the wiper arms. If this part becomes loose, worn, or disconnected, your wipers will stop working.
• Motor Failure: Like any other electrical part, the wiper motor can wear out over time, especially if it’s exposed to the elements or heavy use.
• Electrical Wiring Problems: Faulty wiring or bad connections can prevent the motor from receiving power. Corrosion or wear can damage the wiring that leads to the motor.

2. Diagnosing the Problem: Step-by-Step

Diagnosing the problem with your windshield wiper motor can save you time and money. I learned this the hard way when I was unable to figure out why my wipers weren’t moving. After calling a towing service, they recommended that I try checking a few things before resorting to a full motor replacement. Here’s what I suggest you check first:

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AutoZone Auto Parts

1007 Academy Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA

2.1 Check the Fuse

The first thing you should check is the fuse. A blown fuse is an easy fix and can often be replaced in minutes. Most car manuals will show you how to locate the fuse box and identify the fuse for your windshield wiper motor. If the fuse is blown, simply replace it with a new one of the same amperage. If the wipers start working again, then the problem was as simple as a blown fuse. I’ve had this happen several times, and it’s always such a relief when it’s that simple!

2.2 Inspect the Wiper Linkage

If the fuse isn’t the issue, the next step is to check the wiper linkage. You can do this by lifting the wiper arms off the windshield and manually moving them. If they move freely, it might indicate an issue with the motor or the electrical connection. If they’re stuck or loose, you may need to inspect the linkage for wear or damage. This was the issue I ran into when my wiper arms were stuck in one position and wouldn’t move. After removing the wiper arms, I found the linkage had come loose.

2.3 Test the Motor

If both the fuse and the linkage seem fine, it’s time to test the motor itself. You can do this by using a multimeter to check for power at the motor’s electrical connections. If the motor isn’t receiving power, it’s likely that the wiring or the motor itself is faulty. If it’s receiving power but still not working, the motor may have simply worn out over time. In my case, when I tested the motor, I realized the motor had completely failed and needed replacement.

2.4 Check for Electrical Wiring Issues

If you’re still having trouble, the wiring could be the culprit. Check for any frayed wires, loose connections, or signs of corrosion. I’ve seen wiring issues cause a wiper motor to act intermittently or not work at all. If the wiring seems to be the issue, you may need to reattach loose wires or replace any damaged sections. Sometimes, this problem can be hard to spot, but once you identify the issue, you’ll save yourself a lot of trouble in the long run.

3. How to Fix a Broken Windshield Wiper Motor

Once you’ve diagnosed the problem, the next step is fixing it. Depending on the issue, here’s what you’ll need to do:

3.1 Replacing the Fuse

If a blown fuse was the issue, replacing it is fairly straightforward. Simply purchase a fuse that matches the amperage rating and insert it into the fuse box. I recommend using a pair of needle-nose pliers to safely remove and replace the fuse. After replacing it, test your wipers to ensure they’re working correctly.

3.2 Fixing the Wiper Linkage

If the linkage is the problem, you may need to remove the wiper arms and access the linkage mechanism. In my case, I simply tightened the linkage connections and reattached the wiper arms. However, if the linkage is severely worn or damaged, you may need to replace it entirely. It’s a good idea to refer to your car’s manual for specific instructions on how to remove and replace the linkage if necessary.

3.3 Replacing the Motor

If the motor is the issue, replacing it will require removing the old motor and installing a new one. You’ll need to disconnect the battery first to avoid any electrical shocks. Then, remove any panels or parts obstructing access to the motor, unscrew it, and disconnect the electrical connections. Install the new motor by following the manufacturer’s instructions. Once the new motor is in place, reconnect everything and test the wipers to make sure they’re functioning properly.

3.4 Replacing the Wiring

If the wiring is damaged, you may need to cut and replace the damaged section. Be sure to use the same gauge wire and secure the new connections with electrical tape or heat shrink tubing. I’ve had to replace damaged wires before, and it’s essential to make sure the connections are secure to avoid future issues.

4. When to Call for Professional Help

While many of the steps above can be done by yourself, there are instances where you should call in a professional. If you’re not comfortable working with electrical components or if you’re unable to diagnose the problem, calling a professional mechanic or a towing service for help is always a good idea. There’s no shame in asking for help, especially if it ensures that your wiper system will function correctly. I’ve had times when I couldn’t identify the problem myself and had to call a towing service for professional assistance.

5. Conclusion: Get Back on the Road Safely

A working windshield wiper system is crucial for your safety, especially in inclement weather. If your wiper motor is broken, it’s important to diagnose and fix the problem as soon as possible. By following the steps above, you can save time and money while learning more about your vehicle’s maintenance. Whether it’s a blown fuse, a broken linkage, or a faulty motor, with a little patience and the right tools, you can have your windshield wipers working again in no time!